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Teaching Strategies

Checklist - Argument

Structure

Statement/thesis
The introductory paragraph clearly states the topic/issue and the main points of the argument.		  
Each paragraph deals with one key point/reason that is introduced in the topic sentence.  
Each topic sentence is supported by evidence and examples.  
The points and reasons are organised in a logical order, beginning with the most important.  
The conclusion summarises the main points and gives a strong final statement of the writer's opinion, or a recommendation.  

Check that the writing is not repetitive (e.g. position statement repeated many times)

Language

The timeless present tense is used (Our oceans are over fished).  
Verbs are used to express opinions (I think ___ are the best! We believe students should not be stopped from eating junk food).  
Passive verbs are used (The waters are over-fished).  
Conjunctions are used that:
  • introduce examples that support the main points/reasons (for example, these include, as shown by, for instance, such as);
  • add extra information to what has already been said (moreover, furthermore, another reason, in addition);
  • show cause and effect, (consequently, causes, leads to, brings about, results in, otherwise, since, if...then, unless)
  • introduce the other point of view (on the other hand).
  
Points are carefully linked within and between paragraphs.  
Modality is used to show strength of feeling.
Verbs (should, must, may). 		 
Emotive language is used (words that will appeal to the reader's feelings e.g concern, unreasonable).  
Pronouns (I, we, us) are used to persuade the reader to agree with the position argued (We all know that smoking causes cancer so we do not smoke).  
Thought provoking questions are used which may be rhetorical ie a question asked only for effect, not for information (Would you give your pre-schooler matches to play with?).  
Vocabulary specific to the topic is used.  
Concluding phrases are used (I would like to persuade you that... Therefore I think I have shown that...After considering the above points you must agree... In summary... These arguments show that...Therefore it can be seen that...).  

Argument Exemplars