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Teacher’s notes

• About the Science IS activities

Integrated strands

Science concept

• The over extension of movable joints can cause injury.

Nature of Science Theme

When scientists carry out investigations they aim to collect adequate data…

When investigating sports injuries scientists may analyse the work done by physiotherapists.

DSSA Investigation Focus

Students need to be taught relevant procedural concepts to undertake an investigation…

The process of sampling involves surveying a large sample, so that it is an accurate record of the big picture.

Activity

Source: Hipkins, Rosemary & Connor, Lindsay. (1999). Alive & well – A systems approach. Auckland: Pearson Education New Zealand Limited (ISBN 0 582 86195 0.)

What you need

• Sample of physiotherapist’s appointment book for one morning’s work.

Note: Supporting activity resources are provided below.

Focus

• Imagine you have been asked to work out what a typical day’s work for a physiotherapist looks like. Where would you start?
• What sorts of injuries and conditions do physiotherapists treat?
• Are sports physiotherapists more likely than others to treat joint injuries rather than other conditions?
• What do you need to know about the way physiotherapists work in order to know who to sample?
• How many physiotherapists would you need to talk to before you could begin to make any sort of general statement about this?

Exploration

1. In groups, get students to use the information on the table to answer the questions that follow:
   • Create a tally chart to record the numbers of each type of injury treated during the morning.
   • Which injuries are most common?
2. In your group, discuss how likely it is that the injuries treated were caused by sporting mishaps.
   • What else would you need to know before you could actually decide this?
   • What other knowledge did you use when discussing this?
3. Discuss how many times you think you would need to count samples before you could begin to answer each of the questions below.
   • Is this a typical Monday morning?
   • Would a typical Friday morning look the same?
   • Would a summer morning look the same as a winter one?
4. Get the students to practise their sampling strategies by designing and carrying out an injury survey of their own, and justifying why they think their sample is representative:
   • What types of fractures are most common in school age students?
   • Are ankle sprains more frequent when the netball courts are wet?

Extension

• Different treatments are there for the same type of joint injury. What treatments other than physiotherapy could be used on an ankle sprain? How would you test to see if a certain treatment is more likely to be successful than other treatments?

Reflection

• Why do scientists take samples instead of counting everything?
• How can scientists tell when they have done enough sampling to give an adequate picture?
• What sort of things did you need to know about a particular kind of sports injury before you could decide on a sampling strategy?
• What steps did you take to design a sampling strategy that answered your question adequately?
• What statement can you make about the injury that you investigated?
• How would you convince other people that your statement is true?